A group of Mercosur members led by Argentina released a joint statement calling for the restoration of democracy and respect for human rights in Venezuela. The document was signed on the sidelines of the bloc’s summit, which took place in Foz do Iguaçu, South Brazil, on Saturday (Dec. 20), under the presidency of Brazil.

Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva did not sign the statement, nor did Uruguayan President Yamandú Orsi. The government’s view is that such a document, signed by Mercosur, could be interpreted by US authorities as support for possible US military action in Venezuela, which is not in Brazil’s interest.

The letter does not mention the tension between the US and Venezuela or the increased US military presence in the Caribbean region. President Donald Trump’s administration does not recognize Nicolás Maduro, in power since 2013, as the legitimate leader of Venezuela.

The US has been bombing vessels and seizing oil tankers under the pretext of combating drug trafficking routes that supply the US. In President Nicolás Maduro’s opinion, however, there are interests in the country’s oil wealth, and the military buildup in the region is aimed at removing him from power.

The Caribbean country is one of the largest oil producers on the planet. Oil is the heart of Venezuela’s economy, and US action could cause financial suffocation for the country.

Statement

The statement issued yesterday was made in the name of the presidents of Argentina, Javier Milei; Paraguay, Santiago Peña; and Panama, José Raúl Mulino. High-ranking officials from Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru also signed the letter. They expressed “deep concern” about the serious migration, humanitarian, and social crisis in Venezuela, a country suspended from the South American bloc.

“[The leaders] reaffirmed their firm commitment to achieve, through peaceful means, the full restoration of democratic order and unrestricted respect for human rights in Venezuela,” the statement said.

Mercosur was founded in 1991 by Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay, and accepted Venezuela as a member in 2012. In 2017, however, the country was suspended for breaking democratic order, based on the clauses of the Ushuaia Protocol, signed in 1998, which deals with the democratic commitments of the bloc’s countries.

In the statement, the countries also ratified the validity of the Ushuaia Protocol and reiterated, among other things, “the coordination of mechanisms for the defense of democracy.” They also call for the release of political prisoners.

President Lula did not officially recognize Nicolás Maduro as the winner of the July 2024 elections in Venezuela, but the government has been “deeply cautious” with issues involving the neighboring country.

In this sense, the view of the Brazilian government is that it serves no purpose to approve a statement saying that a political problem must be resolved without mentioning that there is a “threat of military solution” posed by the US.

Catastrophe

In an interview with journalists last Thursday (18) at the Planalto presidential palace, Lula reported that he had held telephone conversations with both Maduro and Trump in an attempt to find a diplomatic solution to the situation. During the Mercosur meeting, he stated that intervention in Venezuela would lead to a humanitarian catastrophe and set a dangerous precedent for the world.

“More than four decades after the Falklands War, the South American continent is once again haunted by the military presence of an extra-regional power. The limits of international law are being tested,” he told leaders in his speech.

Argentine President Javier Milei called Nicolás Maduro a “narco-terrorist” and praised the military actions on the Venezuelan coast.

“Argentina welcomes the pressure from the US and Donald Trump to free the Venezuelan people. The time for timidity on this issue is over,” he said in a speech at the Mercosur summit.