Protesters in various Brazilian cities took to the streets on Sunday (Dec. 14) against the approval of a bill dubbed Dosimetry Bill (in reference to the calculation of sentence lengths), which aims to reduce the penalties for individuals convicted of the pro-coup riots staged on January 8, 2023, and to benefit former President Jair Bolsonaro.

Opposition lawmakers estimate that, based on the criteria set forth in the bill – which also reduces the time required for a convict to progress from imprisonment in jail to house arrest – Bolsonaro, who was sentenced to just over 27 years in prison, would serve only two years and four months in prison, instead of the seven years and eight months ruled by the court.
 

Notícias relacionadas:

• Supreme Court sentences third group of defendants in coup plot case.
• Bolsonaro’s defense pledges to appeal, calls sentences excessive.
• Amnesty bill rapporteur rules out total pardon for pro‑coup rioters.

The protests were organized by the Brasil Popular (“Brazil of the People”) and Povo Sem Medo (“The People Without Fear”) fronts – left-wing movements that mobilized against the bill’s approval in the country’s main capitals.

“This demonstration was motivated by the vote that took place in the lower house this week on the Dosimetry Bill. We consider this to be a form of amnesty, and we believe that the crimes committed against democracy are very serious and cannot be forgiven, not least because impunity will lead to further coup attempts in the future,” said Juliana Donato, from Povo Sem Medo. She believes that popular pressure in the streets is a movement that could indeed lead to the defeat of the bill in a vote yet to be held in the Senate.

In Brasília, protesters gathered in front of the Museum of the Republic and marched to Congress, where they chanted slogans and held up posters reading “No pardon for coup-mongers.”

São Paulo

Protesters occupied Paulista Avenue in downtown São Paulo. Representatives from labor unions, social and student movements, and political parties opposed to the bill joined the rally.They chanted “no amnesty” several times and carried posters with mes sages such as “Congress is the enemy of the people,” highlighting criticism of House Speaker Hugo Motta for the speed with which he put the bill to a vote.
 

Rio de Janeiro

The demonstrations brought thousands of people to Rio’s Copacabana Beach. The call to action came from Brasil Sem Medo, unions, and students, and was attended by activists, representatives from left-wing political parties, and artists such as Caetano Veloso and Gilberto Gil, who referred to the demonstration as the second musical act against the setbacks being discussed in Congress.

In addition to the bill, described by participants as a major democratic setback and a “coup,” protesters also spoke out against the six-day work week and one-day rest schedule and for the reduction of working hours, demanded concrete measures to combat femicide, and condemned the time frame that limits the demarcation of indigenous lands.

Angela Tarnapolsky, a retiree, said that at 72, after witnessing much of Brazil’s recent history since the military coup, she could not help but protest. “What brought me here today was outrage at a dramatic situation that has been unfolding since the coup against [former] President Dilma [Rousseff],” she said. She had hoped for a return to democracy with the election of President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, but she sees setbacks in the actions of lawmakers and senators whom she called reactionaries. “Not even during the dictatorship did we have a Congress with such a majority of fascists,” she argued.

“We had a very difficult week. How can they put a disguised amnesty bill to a vote at 1 am? I’ve never seen the National Congress meet in the middle of the night, on the sly, in the dead of night, to give some kind of benefit to workers,” singer Teresa Cristina pointed out indignantly during the demonstration in Rio.

Nearly half of Brazilian women (46%) are not treated with respect in the country. This feeling is repeated at home, in the workplace and on the streets – where 49 percent of them say they are not respected.

The figures can be found in the 11th National Survey on Violence Against Women – the largest survey on the subject in Brazil, conducted by DataSenado and Nexus in partnership with the Senate’s Women’s Observatory Against Violence.

Notícias relacionadas:

• In Brasília, women rally against violence and government inaction.
• Lula addresses femicide, urges men to combat violence.
• Police investigate sex trafficking gang that lured women in Brazil.

The survey interviewed over 20 thousand women in all regions of the country and reveals that sexism continues to be the rule rather than the exception – 94 percent of respondents classify Brazil as a sexist nation.

“This biennial monitoring and updating of data allows us to measure how things are and what has changed in the country compared to violence against women and perceptions on the subject. In other words, senators and the government need these data in order to create and measure the success of laws and public policies to protect women,” said Marcos Ruben de Oliveira, coordinator of the DataSenado Research Institute.

Sexism

The perception that Brazil is a sexist nation remains virtually unanimous among women. In 2025, 94 percent of them say they live in a sexist country – the same as in 2023. The difference, however, lies in how sexist – the group that considers Brazil to be very sexist rose from 62 to 70 percent in two years, representing 8 million more women.

Since 2017, the percentage has never fallen below 90 percent, and a mere two percent of Brazilian women say they do not see sexism in the country. The surge in the perception of sexism goes hand in hand with the feeling that domestic violence has grown – 79 percent of women believe this type of violence has risen in the last 12 months, resuming the highest level in the time series.

Disrespect

Since 2011, the streets have been the environment most often mentioned as being the most disrespectful. Even though the number of women sharing this view fell from 2023 to 2025, almost half (49%) of respondents still say it is on public thoroughfares that they feel most vulnerable. Meanwhile, the notion that disrespect is greater at home increased by four points – which corresponds to about 3.3 million more women. In the workplace, in turn, there was no significant change, but it remains in second place.

“Even though it is worrying that women are not respected in their closest social circle – which in theory should be a safe and welcoming space – this is consistent with the high rates of domestic violence in the country. Unfortunately, it is not only the streets that present danger and disrespect, as demonstrated by our high rates of femicide,” said Beatriz Accioly, anthropologist and leader for public policies for the end of violence against girls and women at the Natura Institute.

Regional differences

Differences in how respect is perceived also vary depending on the region. The survey shows that in the Brazilian South, for instance, 53 percent of women say that “sometimes” women are not treated with respect – the highest among all regions. In the Northeast, half of the respondents (50%) say that women are not respected. Even though no statistically significant difference is found compared to the Northeast, the Southeast comes next, with 48 percent, followed by the Central-West (44%) and the North (41%).

Despite variations, all Brazilian regions show a significant presence of women who report to have an experience oscillating between occasional respect and complete disrespect, demonstrating that the feeling of instability in how society treats women is widespread. “The data help us gauge how violence against women is no longer restricted to the domestic sphere and has become structural, with long-term social and economic effects,” Maria Teresa Prado, coordinator of the Women’s Observatory Against Violence in the Senate, pointed out.

Education

When data analysis is based on schooling, the picture reveals even deeper inequalities. Among illiterate women, 62 percent say that women are not treated with respect – a much higher rate than among those who have completed higher education (41%). The perception of respect grows as the level of education rises, but does not disappear completely – even among women with a university degree, only eight percent say that women are fully respected. The greatest variations are concentrated in the groups with incomplete secondary and higher education, where more than half of the respondents claim that women are treated with respect only sometimes, revealing that education can reduce – but not eliminate – the perception of disrespect and structural sexism.

“The intersection between education and perception of respect also shows how educational inequalities translate into social vulnerability. Women with less access to formal education not only perceive more situations of disrespect, but also face greater difficulty in reporting or accessing protection services,” says Vitória Régia da Silva, executive director of the Gender and Number Association.

The city of São Paulo and its metropolitan area still have more than 800,000 consumers without electricity, two days after strong winds caused damage in several locations.

The phenomenon was caused by the arrival of an extratropical cyclone associated with a cold front and knocked down more than 330 trees, many of which fell onto the cable network and cut off the power supply.

Notícias relacionadas:

• Rain disasters have tripled in Brazil, report says.

At the height of the problem, the metropolitan region of São Paulo had more than 2.2 million customers without electric service. By the end of Thursday (Dec. 11), there were still 1.3 million consumers without electricity.

According to the energy distributor Enel, 802,474 customers remain without the service. In the city of São Paulo, the number is 585,000 consumers, equivalent to 10 percent of the total.

No forecast available

Enel reported that it has restored power suply to about 1.2 million customers out of a total of 2 million affected. The company did not provide a forecast for when the more than 800,000 remaining consumers will have their electric service back. Enel notes that some of the cases are complex and require the replacement of poles and transformers, which takes more time to complete.

Brazil opened 4.6 million new small businesses from January to November 2025, a number that already exceeds the result for 2024, when 4.1 million companies were created. The data show a 19 percent increase over the same period last year, consolidating the best performance since they began to be compiled.

Small businesses accounted for 97 percent of the companies opened in the country in 2025. Among them, 77 percent are individual microentrepreneurs (MEI), 19 percent are microenterprises, and 4 percent are small businesses.

Notícias relacionadas:

• Brazil registers record small business openings in first quarter.

The head of the Brazilian Micro and Small Business Support Service (Sebrae), Décio Lima, says that the growth reflects entrepreneurs’ confidence in the economic scenario. According to him, the country is experiencing “full employment and inflation under control,” factors that encourage the opening of new businesses.

“Sixty percent of Brazilians dream of becoming entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship is a gateway to inclusion, job creation, and income,” he said.

In November, the country registered the opening of 350,000 new small businesses, 28,000 more than in the same month in 2024.

Services lead new registrations

The service sector accounted for 64 percent of new businesses opened through November. In this segment, the opening of MEIs grew 24.5 percent compared to the same period in 2024. Next came commerce, with 21 percent of the total, and industry, with 7 percent.

São Paulo (29%), Minas Gerais (11%), and Rio de Janeiro (8%) were the states with the highest number of small business openings in 2025.

The Brazilian film The Secret Agent will compete for the 2026 Golden Globes in the categories of Best Film – Drama and Best Non-English Language Film, and its star, actor Wagner Moura, has been nominated in the Best Actor category. The nominations were revealed Monday (Dec. 8).

The film directed by Kleber Mendonça Filho was highly praised by both Brazilian and international critics and was extremely well received at festivals over the past few months. Wagner Moura’s performance is also noteworthy, with a number of experts stating that both the film and the actor should be among the nominees for the 2026 Oscars.

Notícias relacionadas:

• “The Secret Agent” to represent Brazil at 2026 Oscars.
• Fernanda Torres wins Golden Globe for “I’m Still Here”.
• Brazil: "I'm Still Here" wins Oscar for Best International Feature.

In January this year, Fernanda Torres won the 2025 Golden Globe for Best Actress in a Drama Film for her performance in I’m Still Here.

The Brazilian government has concluded sanitary and phytosanitary negotiations with the Philippines, Guatemala, and Nicaragua to expand agricultural exports to these countries.

In the Philippines, health authorities approved the export of beef fat, an input used in the food industry and in the production of low-carbon energy, especially green diesel and sustainable aviation fuel (SAF).

From January to October 2025, the Southeast Asian country imported nearly USD 1.5 billion in agricultural products from Brazil.

In Nicaragua, phytosanitary authorities authorized Brazil to export millet, crotalaria, and turnip seeds - inputs for tropical agriculture that help increase productivity and reduce dependence on mineral fertilizers. From January to October 2025, Nicaragua imported approximately USD 55 million in agricultural products from Brazil.

In Guatemala, the Brazilian government obtained phytosanitary authorization to export processed rice. From January to October 2025, the country imported more than USD 192 million in agricultural products from Brazil.

“The results reinforce the strategy of diversifying destinations and products, including higher value-added items,” the Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs said in a statement.

Brazil’s Minister of Health, Alexandre Padilha, announced this Wednesday (Nov. 26) that the country’s national drug regulator Anvisa has approved the registration of the dengue vaccine (Butantan-DV), produced by the Butantan Institute.

This is the world’s first single-dose dengue vaccine, and it is expected to be offered free of charge through the Brazilian public health network, the SUS, in 2026.

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• Brazil begins human trials to treat spinal muscular atrophy.

The Butantan Institute notes that 1 million units of the dengue vaccine are ready for distribution and estimates having more than 30 million doses available by mid-2026.

“Today is a day of joy - a victory for the vaccine, a victory for science, a victory for the cooperation between the Brazilian SUS and its public institutions spread throughout the country, including the Butantan Institute,” said Padilha.

The approved indication covers people aged 12 to 59. This range may be expanded in the future, depending on new studies to be submitted by the manufacturer.

Dengue worldwide

The vaccine could benefit not only Brazilians but also populations in other countries, according to Renato Kfouri, vice-president of the Brazilian Society of Immunizations (SBIm).

He warns that the disease is rapidly expanding worldwide, especially in tropical countries.

“Today, more than half of the world’s population lives in areas at risk for the disease.”

The disease vector, the mosquito, expands as temperatures rise. Climate change and shifting rainfall patterns favor its proliferation.

“Dengue and other arboviruses are expanding diseases, and vaccines are essential for controlling them, especially in tropical countries,” the doctor emphasizes.

Butantan-DV

The vaccine, called Butantan-DV, was developed through a partnership between the Ministry of Health and the Chinese company WuXi Vaccines.

The new vaccine uses live attenuated virus technology, which is safe and already applied in other immunizations used in Brazil and worldwide, such as the MMR, yellow fever, polio, and some influenza vaccines.

According to the technical evaluation by Anvisa, Butantan-DV showed an overall efficacy of 74.7 percent against symptomatic dengue in the population aged 12 to 59 years. This means that in 74 percent of cases the disease was prevented thanks to the vaccine.

It also demonstrated 89 percent protection against severe forms and those with warning signs, as published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases.

Brazil recorded its best results in income, inequality, and poverty since this time series began in 1995, according to a technical note from the Institute for Applied Economic Research (Ipea). The study was released this Tuesday (Nov. 25) with data from the Brazilian government’s statistics agency, IBGE.

Over 30 years, per capita household income grew by about 70 percent, the Gini coefficient fell by nearly 18 percent, and the extreme poverty rate dropped from 25 percent to less than 5 percent.

Progress was uneven, concentrated between 2003 and 2014, and then resumed strongly between 2021 and 2024. After a prolonged cycle of crises between 2014 and 2021 – marked by recession, slow recovery, and the severe impact of the pandemic – per capita income reached its lowest level in a decade.

The trajectory changed from 2021 onwards: in three consecutive years, average income grew by more than 25 percent in real terms, accompanied by a significant drop in inequality.

“The results show that it is possible to intensely reduce poverty and inequality, but that these movements can also be interrupted or even reversed by various factors. And that it is important to combine different means to achieve these fundamental national objectives,” highlighted Marcos Dantas Hecksher, one of the authors of the study.

Researchers attribute the recent improvement to a booming labor market and the expansion of income transfers, both responsible for almost half of the reduction in inequality and the fall in extreme poverty between 2021 and 2024.

Programs such as Bolsa Família income transfer program, Benefício de Prestação Continuada (Continuous Cash Benefit - BPC), Auxílio Brasil (Brazil Aid), and Auxílio Emergencial (Emergency Aid) became more effective after 2020.

However, the impact of transfers weakened in 2023 and 2024 with the end of the expansion cycle, while the labor market continued to exert a strong influence on social indicators.

“Inequalities need to be combated through all public policies - not only through better targeting of social spending to the poorest, but also through a fairer distribution of taxes,” said Hecksher.

In 2024, the country recorded the lowest poverty levels in the series, yet 4.8 percent of the population lived below the extreme poverty line (USD 3 per day) and 26.8 percent below the poverty line (USD 8.30 per day).

More than 60 percent of the reduction in extreme poverty between 2021 and 2024 resulted from improved income distribution, according to the study’s breakdown.

The technical note points out that the progress observed in the post-pandemic period is likely to lose momentum with the end of the expansion of social welfare policies, making the labor market even more decisive in the coming years.

The authors warn that household surveys tend to underestimate very high incomes and some social transfers, requiring caution when interpreting the results.

The document concludes that the recent period represents an important structural change: after years of stagnation or regression, income, inequality, and poverty indicators have all improved simultaneously and rapidly.

Unanimously, the justices of the First Panel of the Brazilian Supreme Court decided this Tuesday (Nov. 25) to ratify the decisions of Justice Alexandre de Moraes, which ordered the execution of the sentences of Jair Bolsonaro and six other defendants for the coup plot that sought to keep the former president in power, even after he lost the 2022 elections.

After signing the arrest warrants, Moraes convened a virtual session to judge the case. The panel reached a four-to-zero vote to uphold the arrests. In addition to Moraes, the votes were cast by Justices Flávio Dino, Cristiano Zanin, and Cármen Lúcia.

Notícias relacionadas:

• Bolsonaro violates ankle monitor, sent to prison cell.
• Supreme Court upholds Bolsonaro’s imprisonment.

The top officials of former President Bolsonaro’s government were convicted of the following crimes:

• Armed criminal organization,
• Attempted violent abolition of the Democratic Rule of Law,
• Coup d’état,
• Damage aggravated by violence and serious threat, and
• Deterioration of listed heritage.

Earlier, Alexandre de Moraes recognized the final judgment of the case after the deadline for the defendants’ defense to file new appeals, which ended on Monday (24).

On the afternoon of this Wednesday (26), six defendants who are already detained will undergo custody hearings. These will be held by videoconference in the locations where they are serving their sentences. The proceedings will be conducted by auxiliary judges of Alexandre de Moraes and will serve to fulfill legal formalities.

Execution of sentences

With the procedural phase now concluded, Moraes ordered the execution of the sentences to begin. Below are the sentences and the locations where they are being served:

Jair Bolsonaro – former president of Brazil: 27 years and three months
Place of imprisonment: Federal Police Headquarters in Brasília.

Walter Braga Netto – former minister under Bolsonaro and vice-presidential candidate on the 2022 ticket: 26 years
Place of imprisonment: Military District in Rio de Janeiro.

Almir Garnier – former commander of the Navy: 24 years
Place of imprisonment: Navy facilities in Brasília.

Anderson Torres – former Minister of Justice and former Secretary of Security of the Federal District: 24 years;
Place of imprisonment: 19th Military Police Battalion of the Federal District, located in the Papuda Penitentiary Complex in Brasília.

Augusto Heleno – former Minister of the Institutional Security Cabinet: 21 years;
Place of imprisonment: Planalto Military Command in Brasília.

Paulo Sérgio Nogueira – former Minister of Defense: 19 years;
Place of imprisonment: Planalto Military Command in Brasília.

Alexandre Ramagem – former director of the Brazilian Intelligence Agency: 16 years, one month, and 15 days.
He is a fugitive in Miami, in the United States. The arrest warrant will be included in the National Prison Monitoring Database.

Jair Bolsonaro

Former President Jair Bolsonaro had already been in preventive detention at the Federal Police headquarters since Saturday (22) for attempting to tamper with his electronic ankle monitor.

Since August 4, the former president had been under house arrest, imposed as part of another investigation into the United States’ tariff hike on Brazilian exports, a separate case in which he is also under investigation.

After his custody hearing, the former president confessed to using a soldering iron to tamper with the device and said he had a breakdown caused by medication.

With the declaration of final judgment, Bolsonaro’s imprisonment will become definitive rather than preventive. 

Defense

The defense teams of the former president and the other defendants commented on the order to execute the sentences. See their statements below:

Jair Bolsonaro
Bolsonaro’s lawyers said they were surprised by the immediate execution of the sentence and argued that he still has the right to file another appeal.
According to the defense team, the Supreme Court’s internal regulations provide for the possibility of filing dissenting opinions.

Braga Netto
Lawyer José Luis Oliveira said that the defense received the decision to execute the sentences with indignation. Oliveira reiterated that the general’s conviction is “absolutely unjust and contrary to the evidence in the case.”
“Unfortunately, we see that the process is ending as it began: with the systematic violation of the right to defense,” Oliveira stated.

Augusto Heleno
Lawyer Mateus Milanez stated that the defense expresses profound indignation and affirmed that the process has deviated from its purpose due to political influence.
“Faced with illegality and persecution, our fight for the annulment of this flawed process and for the formal recognition of his innocence will be tireless and uncompromising.”

Anderson Torres
The former minister’s defense said it received the decision to execute the sentence with “serenity.” Lawyer Eumar Novacki reiterated that Torres had no involvement in the coup plot.
“He regrets that the numerous pieces of evidence showing he was not involved, directly or indirectly, in any attempted coup d’état were not even considered in the decision that sentenced him to a very harsh 24-year prison term,” the defense stated.

Paulo Sergio
The general’s defense said it received the decision to execute the sentences with “deep indignation.” According to lawyer Andrew Fernandes, the appeals he filed in the case were not dilatory.
“The motions for clarification were not dilatory. The defense’s acquittal arguments were not even considered, and what is most alarming is that part of the sentence lacks the necessary justification and proportionality. The motions for clarification were filed precisely to address these flaws,” Fernandes stated.

The news report is attempting to reach Admiral Almir Garnier’s defense team for comment.

Former President Jair Bolsonaro was taken to the Federal Police Headquarters in Brasília this Saturday (Nov. 22) after using a soldering iron in an attempt to remove his electronic ankle monitor. He was under house arrest and being monitored.

Because of the infraction and other evidence suggesting an intention to flee, Bolsonaro will now serve pre-trial detention in a 12-square-meter cell. He will appear at a custody hearing this Sunday (23).

Notícias relacionadas:

• Brazil’s Supreme Court to hear coercion case against Eduardo Bolsonaro.

Information about the attempt to break the ankle monitor appears in a report from the State Secretariat of Penitentiary Administration of the Federal District (Seap), sent to the Supreme Court along with a video in which Bolsonaro himself admits to the damage.

“[It was] curiosity,” he said, noting that the attempt to remove the device occurred late Friday afternoon (21).

Supreme Court Justice Alexandre de Moraes ordered the preventive detention and lifted the secrecy surrounding the Seap report and video. He gave Bolsonaro’s defense 24 hours to respond regarding the attempt to tamper with the ankle monitor.

“The device showed clear and significant signs of damage. There were burn marks around its entire circumference, at the point where the case was attached. During the analysis, the monitored individual was asked about the tool used. In response, he stated that he had used a soldering iron to try to remove the device,” the report states.

The ankle monitor was then replaced with a new device.

On Friday, Senator Flávio Bolsonaro (Liberal Party – Rio de Janeiro) used social media to call for a prayer vigil near the house where his father, Jair Bolsonaro, had been under house arrest since August 4.

In the decision ordering preventive detention, Justice Alexandre de Moraes cites the violation of the ankle monitor and says that the meeting could cause unrest and even facilitate “a possible escape attempt by the defendant.”

Sentenced to 27 years and three months in the coup-plot criminal case, Bolsonaro and the other defendants may begin serving their sentences in the coming weeks.

Last week, the First Panel of the Court rejected the so-called motions for clarification filed by the former president and six other defendants, which sought to overturn the convictions and prevent the execution of the sentences in a closed regime.

This Sunday (23) marks the deadline for the defense to submit its final appeals. If the appeals are rejected, the arrests will be carried out.

The former president’s defense requested, on Friday, the granting of humanitarian house arrest for Jair Bolsonaro, but Moraes rejected the request on Saturday. According to his lawyers, Bolsonaro has permanent illnesses that require “intense medical monitoring,” and for this reason they argue that he should remain under house arrest.

Regarding Saturday’s preventive detention, the defense says it will appeal the decision.

Bolsonaro was under house arrest due to non-compliance with precautionary measures previously established by the Supreme Court. These measures stem from the investigation in which federal representative Eduardo Bolsonaro (Liberal Party – São Paulo), the former president’s son, is being investigated for his actions with the government of US President Donald Trump to promote retaliatory measures against the Brazilian government and Supreme Court justices.

The 30th United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP30) ended on Saturday (Nov. 22), with the Brazilian presidency highlighting advances in the adaptation agenda, new international climate-implementation tools, and pathways for debating how to end dependence on fossil fuels.

In a press conference after the end of negotiations, COP30 President Ambassador André Corrêa do Lago, Executive Secretary of the Ministry of the Environment Ana Toni, Chief Negotiator Liliam Chagas, and Minister of the Environment Marina Silva detailed the results.

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Corrêa do Lago recalled that the conference began under strong negotiating pressure and with expanded autonomy for the co-directors. He noted that the adaptation package, one of the most complex at the COP, started with more than 100 indicators and was finalized with 59.

“There was consensus on only 10 percent of these indicators. We reorganized the metrics and will continue discussions in June in Bonn (at the Climate Conference in Germany),” said the ambassador.

In the energy debate, Corrêa do Lago said there were “two ways to move forward” in developing the roadmap to phase out fossil fuels, a sensitive issue since Dubai.

“As a diplomat, I saw a more conservative version. But President Lula’s speech put the issue at the center and opened space to make it a structuring agenda,” he said.

According to him, even without consensus, the Brazilian presidency will continue to debate the issue and gather research and actions capable of indicating a pathway for countries to move away from fossil fuels.

Consensus

Executive Secretary Ana Toni emphasized that COP30 achieved “consensus on such a difficult issue” and moved forward with a concrete implementation agenda, without any country giving up on the agenda involving the Paris Agreement.

The economist highlighted the presentation of 120 acceleration plans in commercial fuels, carbon, and green industry, in addition to the 29 documents approved.

“Small and large steps have been taken in difficult geopolitical times. We did not take all the steps we wanted, but we took firm steps,” Toni stated.

She noted that one of the main legacies was taking adaptation “to another level, above any other COP,” including the effort to triple international financing by 2035.

Toni also highlighted the unprecedented inclusion of women and girls of African descent in the climate agenda and the strengthening of the ocean agenda.

Trade

Chief negotiator Lilian Chagas believes that vulnerable countries have managed to join forces. According to her, the set of indicators approved will serve as a compass to measure progress and guide policies. “This will mark how each country has advanced and how to proceed,” Chagas added.

She also announced the strengthening of the Global Climate Action Accelerator, which will serve as a permanent space to promote concrete measures outside the formal negotiation track.

Another advance was the creation of an international forum to address the link between trade and climate. “It is a space to explore how trade can generate climate action, a topic of great interest to Brazil,” Chagas noted.

Liliam Chagas also highlighted important policy innovations, including the recognition of Afro-descendant groups as vulnerable, the strengthened role of indigenous lands as protectors of carbon sinks, and the inclusion of representatives from local communities in the process, the result of efforts carried out outside the official track.

Fossil fuels

Commenting on the process, Minister of the Environment Marina Silva noted that President Lula’s public stance strengthened the mitigation agenda and made it possible to integrate it with adaptation.

“We cannot adapt indefinitely, but it is impossible to think only about mitigation without considering the needs of vulnerable people who require financial resources, technological resources, and, above all, solidarity to be able to cope with the great hardships and suffering they are already experiencing,” Silva pointed out.

The minister noted that wealthy countries already have their own paths for phasing out fossil fuels, while poor, developing, or oil-dependent countries do not. She therefore stressed the importance of creating conditions for “these countries to build their foundations after more than 30 years of waiting for answers on how to break their dependence on fossil fuels.”

She also noted that the work includes the transition toward ending deforestation: “Only Brazil has this goal and its roadmap, but we want everyone to have the foundations to make these efforts.”

Silva also highlighted the Tropical Forest Forever Facility (TFFF), a financial mechanism that moves beyond a donation-based model and creates ways for public resources invested in protecting forests and biodiversity to leverage private investment.

Legacy

When asked by journalists about the legacy of COP30, Silva said the conference broadened public understanding of climate change. She also highlighted contributions to the debate drawn from the knowledge and experience of Amazonian populations, who face isolation, logistical challenges, and limited access to food, water, and medicine.

“The Amazon not only receives a legacy, but offers a legacy,” the minister emphasized.

“We offered the best we had, and the best we had were our landscapes, our acoustic, visual, and pictorial beauties. The Amazon is an explosion of life and beauty that becomes a distraction whenever we look elsewhere,” said Silva.