President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva spoke out this Saturday morning (Jan. 3) about the United States’ attacks on Venezuela and the capture of Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro and his wife, Cilia Flores. Lula condemned the military action and demanded a vigorous response from the United Nations (UN).

Through social media, Lula stated that such actions “cross an unacceptable line.”

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“These acts represent a very serious affront to the sovereignty of Venezuela and set yet another extremely dangerous precedent for the entire international community. Attacking countries, in flagrant violation of international law, is the first step toward a world of violence, chaos, and instability, where the law of the strongest prevails over multilateralism,” said Lula.

The Brazilian president recalled that Brazil has always opposed the use of force in other countries and regions, and noted the action is reminiscent of “the worst moments of interference in the politics of Latin America and the Caribbean.”

“Brazil condemns these actions and remains available to promote dialogue and cooperation,” he added.

An emergency meeting at the Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs took place on Saturday morning to discuss the crisis in the neighboring country. President Lula participated via videoconference, as he is in Rio de Janeiro. His staff informed that the president will return to Brasília later today. The Minister of Foreign Affairs, Mauro Vieira, was on vacation and will also return to Brasília today.

Attacks on Venezuela

The President of the United States, Donald Trump, announced this Saturday a large-scale attack on Venezuela. The capital, Caracas, and other cities were hit by air and ground forces. According to Trump, Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro and his wife, Cilia Flores, were captured and removed from the country.

Venezuelan Vice President Delcy Rodríguez demanded proof of life from President Nicolás Maduro and the first lady, whose whereabouts remain unknown after the US attacks.

A key point in Brazilian President Lula’s speech at the Mercosur meeting on Saturday (Dec. 20) was the risk of armed conflict in South America in the face of the threat of US military intervention in Venezuela – which could lead to an attempt to overthrow the current regime of President Nicolás Maduro, possibly triggering a new war of unpredictable proportions in the region.

“More than four decades after the Falklands War, the South American continent is once again haunted by the military presence of an extra-regional power. The limits of international law are being tested,” he said, adding that “an armed intervention in Venezuela would be a humanitarian catastrophe for the hemisphere and a dangerous precedent for the world.”

Right now, US troops surround the Caribbean Sea on the Venezuelan border under the pretext of combating drug trafficking. A blockade has been set up to prevent the navigation of oil tankers from the Caribbean country, one of the largest oil producers on the planet.

Oil is the heart of Venezuela’s economy, and US action could cause financial suffocation for the country.

Since September, approximately 25 attacks on vessels in the Caribbean have been carried out by US military forces, killing at least 95 people.

“Venezuela is completely surrounded by the largest Armada ever assembled in the History of South America. It will only get bigger, and the shock to them will be like nothing they have ever seen before – Until such time as they return to the United States of America all of the Oil, Land, and other Assets that they previously stole from us,” US President Donald Trump stated in recent days.

The threat has heightened tensions and sparked speculation about what the real US interest in a regime change in Venezuela might be, beyond the alleged fight against drug trafficking.

In an interview with journalists last Thursday (18) at the Planalto presidential palace, Lula said he had held telephone conversations with both Maduro and Trump in an attempt to find a diplomatic solution to the situation.

“I told President Maduro that if he wanted Brazil to help with anything, he had to say what he would like us to do. And I said to Trump, ‘If you think Brazil can contribute, we will be very interested in talking to Venezuela, talking to you, talking to other countries so that we can avoid an armed conflict here in Latin America and in our beloved South America.’ And Brazil really appreciates this, because we share many kilometers of border with Venezuela,” he said at the time.

“Negotiations could be held without war. So, I am always concerned about what lies behind this. Because it cannot be just a matter of overthrowing Maduro. What other interests are there that we are not yet aware of?” the Brazilian president questioned regarding the US motivations for the military threat.

Lula also promised to call Trump again before Christmas. The Brazilian president had already warned Foreign Minister Mauro Vieira not to travel too far from Brazil over the next few weeks in case the situation worsens.

A group of Mercosur members led by Argentina released a joint statement calling for the restoration of democracy and respect for human rights in Venezuela. The document was signed on the sidelines of the bloc’s summit, which took place in Foz do Iguaçu, South Brazil, on Saturday (Dec. 20), under the presidency of Brazil.

Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva did not sign the statement, nor did Uruguayan President Yamandú Orsi. The government’s view is that such a document, signed by Mercosur, could be interpreted by US authorities as support for possible US military action in Venezuela, which is not in Brazil’s interest.

The letter does not mention the tension between the US and Venezuela or the increased US military presence in the Caribbean region. President Donald Trump’s administration does not recognize Nicolás Maduro, in power since 2013, as the legitimate leader of Venezuela.

The US has been bombing vessels and seizing oil tankers under the pretext of combating drug trafficking routes that supply the US. In President Nicolás Maduro’s opinion, however, there are interests in the country’s oil wealth, and the military buildup in the region is aimed at removing him from power.

The Caribbean country is one of the largest oil producers on the planet. Oil is the heart of Venezuela’s economy, and US action could cause financial suffocation for the country.

Statement

The statement issued yesterday was made in the name of the presidents of Argentina, Javier Milei; Paraguay, Santiago Peña; and Panama, José Raúl Mulino. High-ranking officials from Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru also signed the letter. They expressed “deep concern” about the serious migration, humanitarian, and social crisis in Venezuela, a country suspended from the South American bloc.

“[The leaders] reaffirmed their firm commitment to achieve, through peaceful means, the full restoration of democratic order and unrestricted respect for human rights in Venezuela,” the statement said.

Mercosur was founded in 1991 by Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay, and accepted Venezuela as a member in 2012. In 2017, however, the country was suspended for breaking democratic order, based on the clauses of the Ushuaia Protocol, signed in 1998, which deals with the democratic commitments of the bloc’s countries.

In the statement, the countries also ratified the validity of the Ushuaia Protocol and reiterated, among other things, “the coordination of mechanisms for the defense of democracy.” They also call for the release of political prisoners.

President Lula did not officially recognize Nicolás Maduro as the winner of the July 2024 elections in Venezuela, but the government has been “deeply cautious” with issues involving the neighboring country.

In this sense, the view of the Brazilian government is that it serves no purpose to approve a statement saying that a political problem must be resolved without mentioning that there is a “threat of military solution” posed by the US.

Catastrophe

In an interview with journalists last Thursday (18) at the Planalto presidential palace, Lula reported that he had held telephone conversations with both Maduro and Trump in an attempt to find a diplomatic solution to the situation. During the Mercosur meeting, he stated that intervention in Venezuela would lead to a humanitarian catastrophe and set a dangerous precedent for the world.

“More than four decades after the Falklands War, the South American continent is once again haunted by the military presence of an extra-regional power. The limits of international law are being tested,” he told leaders in his speech.

Argentine President Javier Milei called Nicolás Maduro a “narco-terrorist” and praised the military actions on the Venezuelan coast.

“Argentina welcomes the pressure from the US and Donald Trump to free the Venezuelan people. The time for timidity on this issue is over,” he said in a speech at the Mercosur summit.

The increase in Brazilian exports to China has offset the decline caused by the US tariffs on Brazilian sales, which began in August with a surcharge of up to 50 percent.

From August to November, the value of exports to China grew 28.6 percent from the same period in 2024, while those bound for the US fell 25.1 percent.

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A similar trend can be observed in terms of foreign sales volume. When headed for Chinese ports and airports, the increase stands at 30 percent. For the US, however, there was a 23.5-percent decline.

The data can be found in the Foreign Trade Indicator report, or Icomex, released Thursday (Dec. 18) by the Getulio Vargas Foundation (FGV), based on results provided by the Ministry of Development, Industry, Trade, and Services.

China is Brazil’s main trading partner, ahead of the US. According to Icomex, China’s share – which receives about 30 percent of Brazilian exports – helped offset the drop in sales to the US.

“[US President Donald] Trump overestimated the United States’ ability to cause widespread damage to Brazilian exports,” the report says.

Sectors impacted

The sectors that saw the biggest drops in exports to the US from August to November were:

Non-metallic mineral extraction: -72.9%
Beverage manufacturing: -65.7%
Tobacco product manufacturing: -65.7%
Metallic mineral extraction: -65.3%
Forestry production: -60.2%
Manufacture of metal products, except machinery and equipment: -51.2%
Manufacture of wood products: -49.4%

Annual performance

The survey notes that sales volume to the US grew steadily from April to July, when compared to the same month in 2024. However, with the introduction of the tariff, four months of decline were recorded.

Variation in export volume to the US in 2025 compared to the same month in 2024:

April: +13.3%
May: +9%
June: +8.5%
July: +6.7%
August: -12.7%
September: -16.6%
October: -35.3%
November: -28%

Exports to China jumped after the tariffs began:

April: +6.4%
May: +8.1%
June: +10.3%
July: −0.3%
August: +32.7%
September: +15.2%
October: +32.7%
November: +42.8%

FGV associate researcher Lia Valls points out that one of the factors that led to the increase in Chinese exports was soybean shipments, which were concentrated in the second half of the year.

“When exports to the US were falling, exports to China began to increase, which had an impact on the country’s overall exports,” she told Agência Brasil.

In the year-to-November data, Brazil’s total exports were up 4.3 percent compared to the same 11 months of 2024.

US tariffs

US President Donald Trump’s tariffs came into effect in August 2025. By raising taxes on imported goods, the US government claims it intends to protect the US economy, as taxation encourages Americans to manufacture products locally rather than purchasing them from abroad. 

In the case of Brazil, which suffered from one of the highest rates, the US president also claimed it was retaliation for Brazil’s treatment of former President Jair Bolsonaro, whom Trump considered to be persecuted, before being convicted by the Federal Supreme Court in September 2025 for attempting a coup d’état.

Since then, the Brazilian and US governments have been negotiating ways to reach agreements for a trade partnership, including direct talks between Trump and Lula.

On November 20, Trump removed an additional 40-percent tax on 269 products, 249 of which are from the agricultural sector, such as meat and coffee.

“The effects of this removal should not be visible until December and January,” the report says.

Brazil’s vice-president and minister of development, industry, trade, and services, Geraldo Alckmin, estimates that 22 percent of exports to the US remain subject to surcharges.